GDAL is available in the default repositories of most popular Linux distributions and can be installed in the same way that packages in a Linux distribution are usually installed.

apt-get install libgdal-dev

CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH and C_INCLUDE_PATH are necessary in order to include these corresponding libraries.

export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal

export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal

GDAL can also be installed with Python's package manager pip.

xe pip install gdal