JDBC, or Java DataBase Connectivity, is the Java specification for connecting to (relational) databases. JDBC provides a common API in the form of a number of interfaces and exceptions, and expectations (or requirements) of drivers.
The JDBC specification consists of two parts:
java.sql and javax.sql)Most relational databases, and some non-relational databases, provide a driver that implements the JDBC.
| Version | Release Date |
|---|---|
| 3.0 | 2002-02-06 |
| 4.0 | 2006-12-11 |
| 4.1 | 2011-07-07 |
| 4.2 | 2014-03-18 |
To be able to use JDBC you need to have the JDBC driver of your database on the class path of your application.
There are multiple ways to connect to a database, but the common ways are to either use the java.sql.DriverManager, or to configure and use a database specific implementation of javax.sql.DataSource.
A simple example to create a connection to a database with the url jdbc:somedb://localhost/foobar and execute an update statement to give all employees a 5% raise:
try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:somedb://localhost/foobar", "anna", "supersecretpassword");
Statement updateStatement = connection.createStatement()) {
updateStatement.executeUpdate("update employees set salary = salary * 1.05");
}
For further details see creating a database connection