Command	Description
<Esc>	Leaves insert mode, triggers autocommands and abbreviations
<C-[>	Exact synonymous of <Esc>
<C-c>	Leaves insert mode, doesn't trigger autocommands

Some people like to use a relatively uncommon pair of characters like jk as shortcut for <Esc> or <C-[> which can be hard to reach on some keyboards:

inoremap jk <Esc>l

Command	Description
a	Append text following current cursor position
A	Append text at the end of current line
i	Insert text before the current cursor position
I	Insert text before first non-blank character of current line
gI	Insert text in first column of cursor line
gi	Insert text at same position where it was left last time in Insert mode
O	Open up a new line above the current line and add text there (CAPITAL O)
o	Open up a new line below the current line and add text there (lowercase o)
s or cl	Delete character under the cursor and switch to insert mode
S or cc	Delete entire line and switch to Insert mode
C	Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line and start insert mode
c{motion}	Delete {motion} and start insert mode (see Basic Motion)

Command	Description
<C-w>	Delete word before cursor
<C-t>	Indent current line with by one shiftwidth
<C-d>	Unindent current line with by one shiftwidth
<C-f>	reindent the line, (move cursor to auto indent position)
<C-a>	Insert previously inserted text
<C-e>	Insert the character below
<C-h>	Delete one character backward
<C-y>	Insert the character above
<C-r>{register}	Insert the content of {register}
<C-o>{normal mode command}	execute {normal mode command} without leaving insert mode
<C-n>	Next autocomplete option for the current word
<C-p>	Previous autocomplete option for the current word
<C-v>	Insert a character by its ASCII value in decimal
<C-v>x	Insert a character by its ASCII value in hexadecimal
<C-v>u	Insert a character by its unicode value in hexadecimal
<C-k>	Enter a digraph

While in insert mode, press <C-o> to temporarily leave insert mode and execute a one-off normal command.

Example

<C-o>2w jumps to the second word to the left and returns to insert mode.

Note: Repeating with . will only repeat the actions from returning to insert mode

This allows for some useful mappings, e.g.

inoremap <C-f> <Right>
inoremap <C-b> <Left>
inoremap <C-a> <C-o>^
inoremap <C-e> <C-o>$

Now ctrl+a will put the cursor to the beginning of the line and ctrl+e - to the end of line. These mappings are used by default in readline, so might be useful for people who want consistency.

Press Ctrl + v to enter into visual block mode.

Use ↑ / ↓ / j / k to select multiple lines.

Press Shift + i and start typing what you want.

After you press Esc, the text will be inserted into all the lines you selected.

Remember that Ctrl+c is not 100% equivalent to Esc and will not work in this situation!

There are slight variations of Shift + i that you can press while in visual block mode:

Key	Description
c or s	Delete selected block and enter insert mode
C	Delete selected lines (from cursor until end) and enter insert mode
R	Delete selected lines and enter insert mode
A	Append to selected lines, with the column at the end of the first line

Also note that pressing . after a visual block operation will repeat that operation where the cursor is!

If you use the paste command from your terminal emulator program, Vim will interpret the stream of characters as if they were typed. That will cause all kind of undesirable effects, particularly bad indendation.

To fix that, from command mode:

:set paste

Then move on to insert mode, with i, for example. Notice the mode is now -- INSERT (paste) --. Now paste with your terminal emulator command, or with the mouse. When finished go to command mode, with Esc and run:

:set nopaste

---

There is a simpler way, when one wants to paste just once. Put this in your .vimrc (or use the plugin unimpaired.vim):

function! s:setup_paste() abort
  set paste
  augroup unimpaired_paste
    autocmd!
    autocmd InsertLeave *
      \ set nopaste |
      \ autocmd! unimpaired_paste
  augroup end
endfunction

nnoremap <silent> yo :call <SID>setup_paste()<CR>o
nnoremap <silent> yO :call <SID>setup_paste()<CR>O

Now one can simply press yo to paste code under the cursor, and then <Esc> to go back to normal/nopaste mode.

While in insert mode, you can use <C-r> to paste from a register, which is specified by the next keystroke. <C-r>" for example pastes from the unnamed (") register.

See :help registers.

Here is a quick reference for advanced insertion, formatting, and filtering commands/shortcuts.

Command/Shortcut	Result
g + ? + m	Perform rot13 encoding, on movement m
n + ctrl + a	+n to number under cursor
n + ctrl + x	-n to number under cursor
g + q+ m	Format lines of movement m to fixed width
:rce w	Center lines in range r to width w
:rle i	Left align lines in range r with indent i
:rri w	Right align lines in range r to width w
!mc	Filter lines of movement m through command c
n!!c	Filter n lines through command c
:r!c	Filter range r lines through command c

When pasting text through a terminal emulator, the auto-indent feature may destroy the indentation of the pasted text.

For example:

function () {
    echo 'foo'
    echo 'bar'
    echo 'baz'
}

will be pasted as:

function () {
    echo 'foo'
        echo 'bar'
            echo 'baz'
            }

In these cases, use the paste/nopaste option to disable / enable the auto-indent feature:

:set paste
:set nopaste

Adding to this, there is a simpler approach to the problem: Add the following line in your .vimrc:

set pastetoggle=<F3>

And if you want to paste as is from the clipboard. Just press F3 in insert mode, and paste. Press F3 again to exit from the paste mode.