# the usual boilerplate setup
cmake_minimum_required(2.8)
project(my_test_project
        LANGUAGES CXX)

# tell CMake to use CTest extension
enable_testing()

# create an executable, which instantiates a runner from
# GoogleTest, Boost.Test, QtTest or whatever framework you use
add_executable(my_test
               test_main.cpp)

# depending on the framework, you need to link to it
target_link_libraries(my_test
                      gtest_main)

# now register the executable with CTest
add_test(NAME my_test COMMAND my_test)

The macro enable_testing() does a lot of magic. First and foremost, it creates a builtin target test (for GNU make; RUN_TESTS for VS), which, when run, executes CTest.

The call to add_test() finally registers an arbitrary executable with CTest, thus the executable gets run whenever we call the test target.

Now, build the project as usual and finally run the test target

GNU Make	Visual Studio
make test	cmake --build . --target RUN_TESTS