The possibilities are endless. as you can use this concept to pull the version number from your build system; such as git and use that version number in your project.

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(project_name VERSION "0.0.0")

configure_file(${path to configure file 'config.h.in'}
include_directories(${PROJECT_BINARY_BIN}) // this allows the 'config.h' file to be used throughout the program

...

config.h.in

#ifndef INCLUDE_GUARD
#define INCLUDE_GUARD

#define PROJECT_NAME "@PROJECT_NAME@"
#define PROJECT_VER  "@PROJECT_VERSION@"
#define PROJECT_VER_MAJOR "@PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR@"
#define PROJECT_VER_MINOR "@PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR@"
#define PTOJECT_VER_PATCH "@PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH@"

#endif // INCLUDE_GUARD

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "config.h"
int main()
{
    std::cout << "project name: " << PROJECT_NAME << " version: " << PROJECT_VER << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

output

project name: project_name version: 0.0.0