Comparison operators compare two values and return to you a boolean (True or False) as the result.

Equality

• The equal sign = is used both for equality comparison and assignment.
  If leftValue = rightValue Then ...

Inequality

• The left angle bracket nest to the right angle bracket <> performs an unequal comparison.
  If leftValue <> rightValue Then ...

Greater Than

• The left angle bracket < performs a greater than comparison.
  If leftValue < rightValue Then ...

Greater Than Or Equal

• The equal sign nest to the left angle bracket => performs a greater than or equals comparison.
  If leftValue =< rightValue Then ...

Less Than

• The right angle bracket > performs a less than comparison.
  If leftValue > rightValue Then ...

Less Than Or Equal

• The equal sign nest to the right angle bracket => performs a greater than or equals comparison.
  If leftValue => rightValue Then ...

Like

• The Like operator tests the equality of a string and a search pattern.
• The Like operator relies on the Option Compare Statement
• The following table lists the available patterns. Source: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/swf8kaxw.aspx (Remarks section)

Characters in the Pattern	Matches in the String
?	Any single character
*	Zero or more characters
#	Any single digit (0 - 9)
[charlist]	Any single character in charlist
[!charlist]	Any single character not in charlist

• See further info on MSDN in the remarks section.
  If string Like pattern Then ...

There is a single assignment operator in VB.

• The equal sign = is used both for equality comparison and assignment.
  Dim value = 5

Notes
Watch out for assignment vs. equality comparison.

Dim result = leftValue = rightValue  

In this example you can see the equal sign being used as both a comparison operator and an assignment operator, unlike other languages. In this case, result will be of type Boolean and will contain the value of the equality comparison between leftValue and rightValue.

Related: Using Option Strict On to declare variables properly

If you have the following variables

Dim leftValue As Integer = 5
Dim rightValue As Integer = 2
Dim value As Integer = 0

Addition Performed by the plus sign +.

value  = leftValue + rightValue

'Output the following:
'7

Subtraction Performed by the minus sign -.

value = leftValue - rightValue

'Output the following:
'3

Multiplication Performed by the star symbol *.

value = leftValue * rightValue

'Output the following:
'10

Division Performed by the forward slash symbol /.

value = leftValue / rightValue

'Output the following:
'2.5

Integer Division Performed by the backslash symbol \.

value = leftValue \ rightValue

'Output the following:
'2

Modulus Performed by the Mod keyword.

value = leftValue Mod rightValue

'Output the following:
'1

Raise to a Power of Performed by the ^ symbol.

value = leftValue ^ rightValue

'Output the following:
'25

Needs editing.

Needs editing.

These are the bitwise operators in VB.NET : And, Or, Xor, Not

Example of And bitwise operation

Dim a as Integer
a = 3 And 5

The value of a will be 1. The result is obtained after comparing 3 and 5 in binary for. 3 in binary form is 011 and 5 in binary form is 101. The And operator places 1 if both bits are 1. If any of the bits are 0 then the value will be 0

3 And 5 will be  011
                 101
                 ---
                 001

So the binary result is 001 and when that is converted to decimal, the answer will be 1.

Or operator places 1 if both or one bit is 1

   3 Or 5 will be 011
                  101
                  ---
                  111

Xor operator places 1 if only one of the bit is 1 (not both)

   3 Xor 5 will be  011
                    101
                    ---
                    110

Not operator reverts the bits including sign

Not 5 will be - 010

String concatenation is when you combine two or more strings into a single string variable.

String concatenation is performed with the & symbol.

Dim one As String = "Hello "
Dim two As String = "there"
Dim result As String = one & two

Non-string values will be converted to string when using &.

Dim result as String = "2" & 10 ' result  = "210"

Always use & (ampersand) to perform string concatenation.

DON'T DO THIS
While it is possible, in the simplest of cases, to use the + symbol to do string concatenation, you should never do this. If one side of the plus symbol is not a string, when Option strict is off, the behavior becomes non-intuitive, when Option strict is on it will produce a compiler error. Consider:

Dim value = "2" + 10    ' result = 12  (data type Double)
Dim value = "2" + "10"  ' result = "210"  (data type String)
Dim value = "2g" + 10   ' runtime error

The problem here is that if the + operator sees any operand that is a numeric type, it will presume that the programmer wanted to perform an arithmetic operation and attempt to cast the other operand to the equivalent numeric type. In cases where the other operand is a string that contains a number (for example, "10"), the string is converted to a number and then arithmetically added to the other operand. If the other operand cannot be converted to a number (for example, "2g"), the operation will crash due to a data conversion error. The + operator will only perform string concatenation if both operands are of String type.

The & operator, however, is designed for string concatenation and will cast non-string types to strings.