iex(1)> recompile
Compiling 1 file (.ex)
:ok

iex(1)> h List.last

                                 def last(list)

Returns the last element in list or nil if list is empty.

Examples

┃ iex> List.last([])
┃ nil
┃
┃ iex> List.last([1])
┃ 1
┃
┃ iex> List.last([1, 2, 3])
┃ 3

iex(1)> 1 + 1
2
iex(2)> v
2
iex(3)> 1 + v
3

See also: Get the value of a row with `v`

iex(1)> a = 10
10
iex(2)> b = 20
20
iex(3)> a + b
30

You can get a specific row passing the index of the row:

iex(4)> v(3)
30

You can also specify an index relative to the current row:

iex(5)> v(-1) # Retrieves value of row (5-1) -> 4
30
iex(6)> v(-5) # Retrieves value of row (5-4) -> 1
10

The value can be reused in other calculations:

iex(7)> v(2) * 4
80

If you specify a non-existing row, IEx will raise an error:

iex(7)> v(100) 
** (RuntimeError) v(100) is out of bounds
    (iex) lib/iex/history.ex:121: IEx.History.nth/2
    (iex) lib/iex/helpers.ex:357: IEx.Helpers.v/1

1. Use Ctrl + C, Ctrl + C to exit

iex(1)>
BREAK: (a)bort (c)ontinue (p)roc info (i)nfo (l)oaded
       (v)ersion (k)ill (D)b-tables (d)istribution

2. Use Ctrl+ \ to immediately exit

iex(1)> i :ok
Term
  :ok
Data type
  Atom
Reference modules
  Atom
iex(2)> x = "mystring"
"mystring"
iex(3)> i x
Term
  "mystring"
Data type
  BitString
Byte size
  8
Description
  This is a string: a UTF-8 encoded binary. It's printed surrounded by
  "double quotes" because all UTF-8 encoded codepoints in it are printable.
Raw representation
  <<109, 121, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103>>
Reference modules
  String, :binary

This is useful when you didn't store the PID from a previous command

iex(1)> self()
#PID<0.138.0>
iex(2)> pid("0.138.0")
#PID<0.138.0>
iex(3)> pid(0, 138, 0)
#PID<0.138.0>

If you put your commonly used aliases into an .iex.exs file at the root of your app, IEx will load them for you on startup.

alias App.{User, Repo}

By default, user input history in IEx do not persist across different sessions.

erlang-history adds history support to both the Erlang shell and IEx:

git clone [email protected]:ferd/erlang-history.git
cd erlang-history
sudo make install

You can now access your previous inputs using the up and down arrow keys, even across different IEx sessions.

Sometimes you might accidentally run something in the shell that ends up waiting forever, and thus blocking the shell:

iex(2)> receive do _ -> :stuck end

In that case, press Ctrl-g. You'll see:

User switch command

Enter these commands in order:

• k (to kill the shell process)
• s (to start a new shell process)
• c (to connect to the new shell process)

You'll end up in a new Erlang shell:

Eshell V8.0.2  (abort with ^G)
1>

To start an Elixir shell, type:

'Elixir.IEx.CLI':local_start().

(don't forget the final dot!)

Then you'll see a new Elixir shell process coming up:

Interactive Elixir (1.3.2) - press Ctrl+C to exit (type h() ENTER for help)
iex(1)> "I'm back"
"I'm back"
iex(2)>

To escape from “awaiting-for-more-input” mode (due to unclosed quotation mark, bracket etc,) type #iex:break, followed by carriage return (⏎):

iex(1)> "Hello, "world"
...(1)>
...(1)> #iex:break
** (TokenMissingError) iex:1: incomplete expression
    
iex(1)>

the above is specifically useful when copy-pasting a relatively huge snippet turns the console to “awaiting-for-more-input” mode.

When you have entered something into IEx which expects a completion, such as a multiline string, IEx will change the prompt to indicate that it is waiting for you finish by changing the prompt to have an ellipsis (...) rather than iex.

If you find that IEx is waiting for you to finish an expression but you aren't sure what it needs to terminate the expression, or you simply want to abort this line of input, enter #iex:break as the console input. This will cause IEx to throw a TokenMissingError and cancel waiting for any more input, returning you to a standard "top-level" console input.

iex:1> "foo"
"foo"
iex:2> "bar
...:2> #iex:break
** (TokenMissingError) iex:2: incomplete expression

More info is available at the IEx documentation.

If you have an elixir file; a script or a module and want to load it into the current IEx session, you can use the c/1 method:

iex(1)> c "lib/utils.ex"
iex(2)> Utils.some_method

This will compile and load the module in IEx, and you'll be able to call all of it's public methods.

For scripts, it will immediately execute the contents of the script:

iex(3)> c "/path/to/my/script.exs"
Called from within the script!