WMI and CIM
Remarks:
CIM vs WMI
As of PowerShell 3.0, there are two ways to work with management classes in PowerShell, WMI and CIM. PowerShell 1.0 and 2.0 only supported the WMI-module which is now superseeded by the new and improved CIM-module. In a later release of PowerShell, the WMI-cmdlets will be removed.
Comparison of CIM and WMI-modules:
| CIM-cmdlet | WMI-cmdlet | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Get-CimInstance | Get-WmiObject | Gets CIM/WMI-objects for a class |
| Invoke-CimMethod | Invoke-WmiMethod | Invokes a CIM/WMI-class method |
| Register-CimIndicationEvent | Register-WmiEvent | Registers event for a CIM/WMI-class |
| Remove-CimInstance | Remove-WmiObject | Remove CIM/WMI-object |
| Set-CimInstance | Set-WmiInstance | Updates/Saves CIM/WMI-object |
| Get-CimAssociatedInstance | N/A | Get associated instances (linked object/classes) |
| Get-CimClass | Get-WmiObject -List | List CIM/WMI-classes |
| New-CimInstance | N/A | Create new CIM-object |
| Get-CimSession | N/A | Lists CIM-sessions |
| New-CimSession | N/A | Create new CIM-session |
| New-CimSessionOption | N/A | Creates object with session options; protocol, encoding, disable encryption etc. (for use with New-CimSession) |
| Remove-CimSession | N/A | Removes/Stops CIM-session |
Additional resources
Should I use CIM or WMI with Windows PowerShell? @ Hey, Scripting Guy! Blog
Querying objects
CIM/WMI is most commonly used to query information or configuration on a device. Thof a class that represents a configuration, process, user etc. In PowerShell there are multiple ways to access these classes and instances, but the most common ways are by using the Get-CimInstance (CIM) or Get-WmiObject (WMI) cmdlets.
List all objects for CIM-class
You can list all instances of a class.
CIM:
> Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process
ProcessId Name HandleCount WorkingSetSize VirtualSize
--------- ---- ----------- -------------- -----------
0 System Idle Process 0 4096 65536
4 System 1459 32768 3563520
480 Secure System 0 3731456 0
484 smss.exe 52 372736 2199029891072
....
....
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Process
Using a filter
You can apply a filter to only get specific instances of a CIM/WMI-class. Filters are written using WQL (default) or CQL (add -QueryDialect CQL). -Filter uses the WHERE-part of a full WQL/CQL-query.
CIM:
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -Filter "Name = 'powershell.exe'"
ProcessId Name HandleCount WorkingSetSize VirtualSize
--------- ---- ----------- -------------- -----------
4800 powershell.exe 676 88305664 2199697199104
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Process -Filter "Name = 'powershell.exe'"
...
Caption : powershell.exe
CommandLine : "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe"
CreationClassName : Win32_Process
CreationDate : 20160913184324.393887+120
CSCreationClassName : Win32_ComputerSystem
CSName : STACKOVERFLOW-PC
Description : powershell.exe
ExecutablePath : C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
ExecutionState :
Handle : 4800
HandleCount : 673
....
Using a WQL-query:
You can also use a WQL/CQL-query to query and filter instances.
CIM:
Get-CimInstance -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Process WHERE Name = 'powershell.exe'"
ProcessId Name HandleCount WorkingSetSize VirtualSize
--------- ---- ----------- -------------- -----------
4800 powershell.exe 673 88387584 2199696674816
Querying objects in a different namespace:
CIM:
> Get-CimInstance -Namespace "root/SecurityCenter2" -ClassName AntiVirusProduct
displayName : Windows Defender
instanceGuid : {D68DDC3A-831F-4fae-9E44-DA132C1ACF46}
pathToSignedProductExe : %ProgramFiles%\Windows Defender\MSASCui.exe
pathToSignedReportingExe : %ProgramFiles%\Windows Defender\MsMpeng.exe
productState : 397568
timestamp : Fri, 09 Sep 2016 21:26:41 GMT
PSComputerName :
WMI:
> Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root\SecurityCenter2" -Class AntiVirusProduct
__GENUS : 2
__CLASS : AntiVirusProduct
__SUPERCLASS :
__DYNASTY : AntiVirusProduct
__RELPATH : AntiVirusProduct.instanceGuid="{D68DDC3A-831F-4fae-9E44-DA132C1ACF46}"
__PROPERTY_COUNT : 6
__DERIVATION : {}
__SERVER : STACKOVERFLOW-PC
__NAMESPACE : ROOT\SecurityCenter2
__PATH : \\STACKOVERFLOW-PC\ROOT\SecurityCenter2:AntiVirusProduct.instanceGuid="{D68DDC3A-831F-4fae-9E44-DA132C1ACF46}"
displayName : Windows Defender
instanceGuid : {D68DDC3A-831F-4fae-9E44-DA132C1ACF46}
pathToSignedProductExe : %ProgramFiles%\Windows Defender\MSASCui.exe
pathToSignedReportingExe : %ProgramFiles%\Windows Defender\MsMpeng.exe
productState : 397568
timestamp : Fri, 09 Sep 2016 21:26:41 GMT
PSComputerName : STACKOVERFLOW-PC
Classes and namespaces
There are many classes available in CIM and WMI which are separated into multiple namespaces. The most common (and default) namespace in Windows is root/cimv2. To find the righ class, it can useful to list all or search.
List available classes
You can list all available classes in the default namespace (root/cimv2) on a computer.
CIM:
Get-CimClass
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -List
Search for a class
You can search for specific classes using wildcards. Ex: Find classes containing the word process.
CIM:
> Get-CimClass -ClassName "*Process*"
NameSpace: ROOT/CIMV2
CimClassName CimClassMethods CimClassProperties
------------ --------------- ------------------
Win32_ProcessTrace {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TIME_CREATED, ParentProcessID, ProcessID...}
Win32_ProcessStartTrace {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TIME_CREATED, ParentProcessID, ProcessID...}
Win32_ProcessStopTrace {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TIME_CREATED, ParentProcessID, ProcessID...}
CIM_Process {} {Caption, Description, InstallDate, Name...}
Win32_Process {Create, Terminat... {Caption, Description, InstallDate, Name...}
CIM_Processor {SetPowerState, R... {Caption, Description, InstallDate, Name...}
Win32_Processor {SetPowerState, R... {Caption, Description, InstallDate, Name...}
...
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -List -Class "*Process*"
List classes in a different namespace
The root namespace is simply called root. You can list classes in another namespace using the -NameSpace parameter.
CIM:
> Get-CimClass -Namespace "root/SecurityCenter2"
NameSpace: ROOT/SecurityCenter2
CimClassName CimClassMethods CimClassProperties
------------ --------------- ------------------
....
AntiSpywareProduct {} {displayName, instanceGuid, pathToSignedProductExe, pathToSignedReportingE...
AntiVirusProduct {} {displayName, instanceGuid, pathToSignedProductExe, pathToSignedReportingE...
FirewallProduct {} {displayName, instanceGuid, pathToSignedProductExe, pathToSignedReportingE...
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -Class "__Namespace" -Namespace "root"
List available namespaces
To find available child-namespaces of root (or another namespace), query the objects in the __NAMESPACE-class for that namespace.
CIM:
> Get-CimInstance -Namespace "root" -ClassName "__Namespace"
Name PSComputerName
---- --------------
subscription
DEFAULT
CIMV2
msdtc
Cli
SECURITY
HyperVCluster
SecurityCenter2
RSOP
PEH
StandardCimv2
WMI
directory
Policy
virtualization
Interop
Hardware
ServiceModel
SecurityCenter
Microsoft
aspnet
Appv
WMI:
Get-WmiObject -List -Namespace "root"
Contributors
Topic Id: 6808
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